Guides
Specify with confidence.
Clear, practical guides to the parameters buyers and suppliers use every day. A precise specification is the fastest way to the right deal.
Read the guides
Specifications, documentsand safe trade.
- 01
Commodity trade documents, explained
The documents of a commodity deal in order, from enquiry, LOI, ICPO and FCO to contract, letter of credit, bill of lading and inspection report.
- 02
Copper cathode grades, explained
Copper cathode grades explained: Grade A, LME registration, the EN 1978 and ASTM B115 standards, standard grade, forms, and the documents to request.
- 03
How to inspect used trucks before shipment
A practical checklist for inspecting used trucks before export: documents, engine, drivetrain, chassis, brakes, tyres and destination import rules.
- 04
How to specify recycled PET flakes
How to specify recycled PET bottle flakes: intrinsic viscosity, PVC and polyolefin content, glue, metals, moisture and flake size, with a checklist.
- 05
How to specify sack kraft paper
How to specify sack kraft paper for multiwall sacks: grammage, tensile strength, TEA, stretch, porosity and Cobb, explained with a checklist.
- 06
How to verify a commodity supplier
Verify a commodity supplier before paying: registry, licence, sanctions lists, bank details, proof of product, inspection, red flags and safe payment.
- 07
Incoterms 2020 for commodity trade
Incoterms 2020 for commodity trade: who books carriage, where risk passes and who insures under EXW, FCA, FOB, CFR, CIF, DAP and DDP, with a checklist.
- 08
Iron ore grades, explained
Iron ore grades explained: fines, lump, pellets and concentrate, Fe on a dry basis, SiO2, Al2O3, P, S, LOI, moisture, size and assay at loading.
- 09
Kraft liner vs testliner vs fluting
Kraft liner, testliner and fluting compared: virgin vs recycled fibre, grammage, burst, RCT, SCT, ECT and Cobb tests, and where sack kraft fits in.
- 10
OTR tyre sizes and TRA codes
How to read OTR tyre sizes and TRA codes: bias, radial, metric and low profile sizes, E, L, G and C codes, stars vs ply rating, TKPH and tread depth.
- 11
Plywood face grades, explained
Birch plywood face grades explained: E, B, BB, CP and C, face and back pairs, glue types and emission classes, with uses for each grade.
- 12
UCO quality parameters, explained
UCO quality explained: FFA, MIU, iodine value, sulphur, phosphorus and chlorine, and ISCC documents, and why each matters for biofuel buyers.
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